What type of crimes does computer fraud encompass?

Computer fraud primarily involves the deliberate misrepresentation of data. This type of crime occurs when an individual or entity intentionally falsifies data or uses deceiving tactics to gain a financial or personal advantage. Examples include manipulating financial records, creating false identities, or engaging in fraudulent transactions online. The essence of computer fraud lies in the intent to deceive, which distinguishes it from other types of cybercrimes.

The other options, while related to cybersecurity and criminal activity, do not fit the definition of computer fraud as closely. Social engineering attacks involve manipulation to trick individuals into divulging sensitive information but do not necessarily involve misrepresentation of data. Unintentional data breaches refer to situations where data is exposed accidentally, lacking the intent characteristic of fraud. Lastly, unauthorized physical access pertains to gaining physical entry into a secured area but does not represent data manipulation or misrepresentation. Understanding computer fraud's focus on deception helps in recognizing and preventing such criminal activities.